![]() Introduction Protons and neutrons make up a nucleus, which is the foundation of nuclear science. The consequence of fission or fusion is the absorption or release of energy. This is why fusion is still in the research and development phase – and fission is already making electricity. Fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into lighter nuclei and fusion is the combining of nuclei to form a bigger and heavier nucleus. The reasons that have made fusion so difficult to achieve to date are the same ones that make it safe: it is a finely balanced reaction which is very sensitive to the conditions – the reaction will die if the plasma is too cold or too hot, or if there is too much fuel or not enough, or too many contaminants, or if the magnetic fields are not set up just right to control the turbulence of the hot plasma. Unlike nuclear fission, the nuclear fusion reaction in a tokamak is an inherently safe reaction. In conventional nuclear power stations today, there are systems in place to moderate the chain reactions to prevent accident scenarios and stringent security measures to deal with proliferation issues. In addition, we ignore the extent, kinetics, and requirements of fusion and fission. This chain reaction is the key to fission reactions, but it can lead to a runaway process resulting in nuclear accidents. In contrast, mitochondrial fusion is completely inhibited by. The result of the instability is the nucleus breaking up, in any one of many different ways, and producing more neutrons, which in turn hit more uranium atoms and make them unstable and so on. ![]() Nuclear fusion has also been used in nuclear weapons, but research to harness fusion power for electricity generation is still ongoing. ![]() It is triggered by uranium absorbing a neutron, which renders the nucleus unstable. Nuclear fusion exists naturally in stars including the Sun, where hydrogen nuclei fuse and create helium while releasing the energy that lights and heats the Earth. Fission and chain reactionsįission is the nuclear process that is currently run in nuclear power plants. Both reactions release energy which, in a power plant, would be used to boil water to drive a steam generator, thus producing electricity. ![]() However, fusion is combining light atoms, for example two hydrogen isotopes, deuterium and tritium, to form the heavier helium. In fission, energy is gained by splitting heavy atoms, for example uranium, into smaller atoms such as iodine, caesium, strontium, xenon and barium, to name just a few. ![]()
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